Improvement in machines for sizing and beaming yarn



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'J. BULL-MGR, MACHINEQFOR SIZi'NG-AND' BE'AMING YARN. No ,187,597.'patented Feb.'20,1877.

NPEFERS, PNOTO-LITHOGRAPNER. WASHINGTON. D C.

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L B'UL LOU GH, MACHINE FOR SIZING AND BEAMING YARN. No. 1-87.,597. 1

*Patented Feb. 20,1877;

N. PH'ERS. PHOTO-LITNOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON, ,D. C!

I JOHN BULLOUGH, or AOORINGTON, ENGLAND.-

IWIPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR lZINJG AND BEAMlNG YARN.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 87,597, dated February20, 1877; application filed October 19, 1876.

To all whom tt may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the county ofLancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMachinery for Sizing and Beaming Yarn, (patented in England November 8,1873, and numbered 3,648;) and I do hereby declare that the following isa full,

clear, and exact description thereof, which side elevation at theopposite side to Fig. 1

Fig. 3, an end view; Fig. 4, a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 5, asimilar section when a heating-chamber is used; Fig. 6, a

partial plan View, showing the size-boxes, automatic float, and thesteam heating apparatus; Fig. 7, a detail (enlarged) of the steamsupplyregulator and float; and Fig. 8, a detail, showing one of the swingingarms for doffing the warp-beams.

The object of this invention, which I call a double sizing-machine, isto enable two weavers beams to be sized and wound on simultaneously,instead of only one, as heretofore.

To accomplish this successfully, the two sets of yarn must be keptseparate and distinct as far aspossible, so that, if an end is lost or alapper forms, the operative may not be in doubt as to which set of yarnit belongs to. It is also necessary to contrive a double size-box, A A;which will correspond to the two sets of yarn, but which will notrequire more attention on the part of the sizer than the ordinary singlesizebox; for if extra attention were required here it would render itimpracticable for one man to tend the machine. It is also most essentialthat the two sets of yarn in passing through the machine should travelat exactly the same speed, and should have exactly the same stress ortension. Finally, something to facilitate and expedite the operation ofdoffing, or taking full beams out and putting empty ones 1n, must bedevised in order to bring the work of running a double machine withinthe capability of one man.

These objects are attained in the following man nor: A double creel orback-beam holder is placed behind the size-box A A, furnished with adouble setof back beams, B B. The front set of beams, B, or the setnearest the size-box, is the same in all respects as in anordinary'single sizing-machine, and the yarn is conducted in the usualway into the sizebox A; thence onto the cylinders C G, if it is acylinder-machine; or into the drying-chamber D, if. it is an air-dryingmachine. The yarn from the second set-of beams, B, is conducted underthe first set and under the first half of the double size-box A; thenupward and between the two halves of the double box, a space, S, beingleft between the two halves of the box for this purpose, and finallyinto its own division A of the box. Emerging from its respectivedivision of the double box each sheet of yarn passes onto the cylinder0, it a cylinder-machine, and here, for thefirst time, the two sheetscome together. Together they remain till they leave thedrying-cylinders; then each sheet again takes its own course, the lowersheet being conducted through the lower half of the double headstock,and the upper sheet being conducted to the upper half of the headstock.

Thus it will be seen that wherever there is a liability of the threadsbreaking, the two sheets are separate and distinct, and the two sets ofthreads cannot give or take from each other.

, Only on the cylinders U G are they in contact, where the liability tobreak is so small and of such rare occurrence that no practical evil canresult from it. But a great good results from both sets of yarn comingtogether on the cylinders. They have a double power to pull thecylinders around, and only half the usual strain is put on each thread.Also, the surface of the cylinder is more completely covered by the twosets than by one only, and consequently there is less waste fromradiation. But when the machine is of the kind called airdrying (DrawingNo. 5) the two sheets of yarn, on emergingfrom their respectivedivisions A A in the size-box, enter the drying-chambers D separately,and may remain apart all through, if deemed necessary. In such a casetwo sets of conducting-rollers, R R r 1, would be necessarythat is tosay, where there is in ordinary machines but one roller in the chamber,another, R R, of somewhat larger diameter, would be placed behind it.but their centers would be in the same line. In this way the sheet. ofyarn conducted round the rollers R 4 would be outside the sheetconducted by the set of rollers r R. But it is not believed that it willbe found necessary to keep the two sheets of yarn separate in thedrying-chamber any more than it is on the cylinders, especially if oneor both sheets of yarn, on emerging from the size-box, or before theycome together, is or are caused to rub over a surface which will lay thefibers, and the fibers of either or both of the sheets, being sosmoothed down and set before coming in contact, will not interlock, andthe two sheets will be found to separate perfectly. In thecylinder-machine the two sets of yarns are dried by a single fan, 1,(see Fig. 4,) located with reference to the cylinder 0, and the guiderods or rolls 2 2 2 2, substantially as shown,

so that one fan may serve to blow at the same time both sets of yarns.Just before passing onto the weavers beams W W, the sheets of yarn arecaused to pass one between two rollers, m a, the other between rollers mn. The bottom rollers n a in these two pairs are driven at one uniformspeed by positive gear- .ing G from the first driving-shaft K, and bysimilar positive gearing Gr. These two bot tom rollers 12 a are to havea velocity coinciding with the two copper rollers in the size-box .A A,so that if the number of revolutions of the two bottom rollers n a bereduced or increased, the speed of the two copper rollers L L is reducedor increased in exact proportion. Care is taken to make the two copperrollers L L exactly the same in circumference, and, being driven ata'certain determined speed, they serve to deliver the yarn from thesizebox, and pass it onto the drying-cylinders G O or air-chamber D.

The draw-rollers n a in front are adjusted, by

folds of calico, to the exact size necessary to take or draw what thecopper rollers deliver. Thesedraw-rollers derive their-power of drawingthe yarn delivered by the copper rollers L -L from having iron rollers mm placed on the top of them, the yarn being passed partly round both topand bottom rollers, butin such a way as to cause it to be pinchedbetween them. The top iron roller m m is made heavy, in order to give ita better hold of the yarn. So good a hold of the yarn have these twopairs of rollers that if the machine be started without the weavers orwinding-on beams W W being attached, and therefore without any pull onthe yarn from the front, they will pull the yarn through the machine,and deliver it onto the floor. Thus it is plain that by thisarrangementthe two pairs of drawrollers m n mn pull through the machinethe same length of yarn which the copper rollers L L give out, and thetwo sheets ofyarn retain the same speed and the samet-tension withoutany effort or attention of the man in charge of the machine. In previousefforts to makeadouble sizing-machinethisdifficultywas notsatisfactorily got over. The two weavers beams W W were made to pull theyarn through the machine; and, to prevent one sheet of yarn gainingonthe other, these beams were driven by friction, so that if one sheet wasfound to be slack and the other tight, the sizer had to ease thefriction of one of the rolls, or lighten the other, and so make the beamwhich was not winding up fast enough take up faster, or make the onewhich was taking up too fast take up slower. Not only did this constantwant of regulation take up too much of the mans time and attention, buthe could not succeed in regulating the speed and tension of the twosheets sufficiently near.

I also drive both the weavers beams by friction; but in my case theweavers beams have nothing to do with pulling the yarn through themachine. They cannot affect the speed or tension of the two sheets. Theysimply wind up what the draw-rollers m n m, a give out, and, if thebeams were not there, the draw-rollers would deliver the same quantityof yarn on the floor.

To facilitate the operation of dot'fing, or taking full weavers beamsout, and putting em pty ones in, I suspend two ropes or light rods, U,from the top of the room. These two rods are about as far apart as thewidth of the weavers beam, and, when left to themselves, will gravitateto a perpendicular position, when they are about two and a half feetclear of the weavers beams. One of these rods may terminate at one sidewith an open book, made to fit loosely the beam just outside the flangeor beam head. The other rod also terminates in a hook, but this hook ispreferably made to open and shut by a hinge, T, about midway of it.

When a full beam is to be taken out-say, the top beamthe open book isput under, and partly encircles one end of the beam.

The other hook is opened and passed under the other end of the weaversbeam, and then it is closed round the beam end by means of the hingedpart, till it completely encircles it when a clip, V, slips over andlooks it there. The beam is then released from its bearings at eachside, and left to itself Owing to the point of suspension of the rodsbeing away from the machine, the beam when released gently gravitatesaway from the machine, and leaves room-for the sizer to put in anotherempty beam. Having done so, he, when at leisure, releases the clips-thebeam is on the truck already in position to receive it.

Still further to expedite the operation of doffing, I actuate the twoexpanding and contracting wraiths Y Y, or combs, from the front of themachine. This I do by applying a pair. of small bevels, b b b b, to eachend of the wraith or comb, and bringing a short shaft, S S, to the frontof the machine in a convenientposition for the sizer. Thissimple deviceis of value for an ordinary machine, but for a double machine it isindispensable.

In adjusting the width of his yarn to every empty beam that is put on,and adjustment which has to be done accurately, and in a short space oftime, by expanding or contract ing the comb, a sizer is always veryhurried to prevent bad work even on a single machine.

In the case of a double machine, there being two beams to adjust insteadof one, it would be almost impossiblefor him to prevent had work if hehad to go round to the side of his machine, first to one side and thento the other, to get his comb to expand or contract. By enabling him toactuate this comb from his proper position in front of the machine, hewill adjust both beams in less time than he can adjust one on the oldplan, and he can do'it with much greater accuracy, inasmuch as he hashis beam and comb in full view of him at the same time, whereas, when,as in the plan heretofore prevailing, he went round from the front tothe side of his machine to touch his comb, he lost sight of his weaversbeam, and had to guess how far to expand or contract.

The two top rollers m m, already mentioned as working on the twodraw-rollers n n, and serving the purpose of pulling the yarn throughthe machine, serve also another purpose. They are made to answer asmeasuring-rollers, thereby doing away with special rollers for thispurpose, and, being so near the weavers beam, the sizer can work hismarking apparatus without quitting the front of his machine, as he hadto do formerly.

This marking is a necessary part of the doffiug process, and any. timesaved here is useful in a single machine, and indispensable to thesuccess of a double machine. The saving in the marking, and the savingin the mode of working the combs Y Y from the front, and the facility ofdoffing by using the strings Udescribed, enable the sizer to at tend tothis, the front part of the machine, with as much ease as he can attendto an or dinary single machine.

A further saving of time, attention, and labor, but one of moreimportance, even, than those, just described, is eifected bythe'peculiar construction of the size-box A A, and the mode ofconducting steam and size to it. The box is divided into'two parts, A A,each part having its own arrangement or rollers forits own separatesheet of yarn, as has already been mentioned. It would be verycomplicated ifthere were two sets of feed-pipes and taps to convey thesize to the two divisions of the size-box and it would be morecomplicated still if two floats (one for each division) were required toregulatethe level of the size. All this complication is obviated byplacing a cavity, Z, between the two divisions A A of the sizeboz. Thesize is admitted into this cavity Z, and thence it flows, by aconnecting-passage, P, at one side of the machine, right and left, intothe two divisions A A of the size-box. In this cavity is a float,h,-comrnunicating with the feed'tap I, closing it when the size is deepenough, and opening it for a greater supply when not deep enough. Thusone feed pipe and one float are sufficiel'it to admit the size to bothdivisions, and to regulate its depth in both divisions. j

Another improvement was required, to overcome an evil which would havegone far to destroy the practicability of a double sizing-machine.Already, in the case of an ordinary sizing-machine, the constantattention and watc hfulness which are required to keep a steadyandregular boil in the size-box are a severe tax on the man in charge ofthe machine. When he doffs a beam his steam 'is turned off, because hismachine is stopped, and when he starts his machine again his steam-taphas to be readjusted, and so on, throughout the day, first finding theright point at which to admit steam in proper quantity then disturbingthat when it comes to dotting-time, and so on.

With a steamfeed pipe to each division of the sizebox the inconveniencewould have been doubled, and would have been really intolerable. Toobviate this I pass the steam, on its way to the double size-box,through a reducing-valve, v. Whenthe taps are once adjustedin themorning-to give a proper degree of steam they are never afterwardtouched, and require no attention during the day. When it is time todoff, the sizer simply removes the weight X from the reducingvalve, andthe steam is almost entirely shut off, or the shipper-rod c lifts theweight in the act of stopping the machine. machine is started again thereducing-valve weight is again brought on, the taps have not beenaltered, and the exact amount of steam passes through, as before, andthe sizer never troubles himself about his size boiling from morningtill night.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. The combination,with the two independent sizing mechanisms, of a drying mechanism andtwo independent sets of drawingrolls, arranged in relation to each othersubstantially as described, whereby the yarns for two weavers beams areconducted. in separate sheets, and in the same direction, and keptseparate until they have left the sizebox.

2. The combination, with the two independ-.

ent sets of sizing-rolls, of a double size-box When the provided with acavity or chamber located between them, for receiving the supply of sizeand distributing it to both boxes, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, with the double sizing and drying mechanism, of twopairs of rollers of a double head-stock, arranged substantially asdescribed, whereby the yarn is drawn through the sizing mechanism, anddelivered to the weavers beam, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

4. In combination with an adjustable wraith or comb, the short shafts S,gearing therewith, and extending to the front of the machine,

whereby the wraith maybe adjusted from the front, as and for thepurposes set forth.

5. The combination, with the drying-cylin- JOHN BULLOUGH.

Witnesses:

WM. T. HORROBIN, W. R. EDELEN.

